The patient at 18 weeks following daily therapy with sonidegib 200 mg. Case report submitted to The Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.

A 2- to 3-cm nodular mass displaying slight erythema and telangiectases near the patient’s nasolacrimal duct. Case report submitted to The Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.

Case author Mark Lebwohl, MD, presents a case of a 86-year-old male with a progressively enlarging erythematous nodular mass with overlying telangiectases. 

Sonidegib, a selective inhibitor of the hedgehog signaling pathway, exerts its therapeutic effect by binding to and inhibiting the smoothened (SMO) receptor. This blockade prevents the activation of downstream signaling events involved in cell proliferation and survival, ultimately leading to the inhibition of basal cell carcinoma growth and progression.

Successful Management of Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Challenging Location with a Multimodal Approach

Darrell Rigel
Clinical Professor of Dermatology 
New York University
Grossman School of Medicine
New York, NY 
Adjunct Professor
UT Southwestern Medical School 
Consultant Dermatologist, Cooper Clinic
Dallas, TX

5.1 cm x 3.4 cm erythematous plaque with scale and a 3 cm x 1.5 cm central ulceration on left lateral neck

Case authors Danny Zakria, MD, MBA, Ryan Rivera-Oyola, MD, and Darrell Rigel, MD, MS, present a case of a 58-year-old male with a history of sun exposure and a skin lesion showing signs of malignancy. 

Accurately Assessing Prognosis for High-Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Aaron Farberg, MD 
Bare Dermatology
Baylor Scott & White Health System
Dallas, TX

Gene Expression Profiling in Skin Cancer: Transforming Management and Prognosis

Discuss the role of gene expression profiling (GEP) in the early detection and accurate prognostic workup of skin cancer

Identify strategies to optimize outcomes using GEP in the diagnosis and management of skin cancer 

Gene Expression Profiling in Skin Cancer: Transforming Management and Prognosis: An Online Activity

Define the role of gene expression profiling in the diagnostic workup of skin cancer  

Identify strategies to incorporate gene expression profiling into clinical practice 

FC24: Skin Cancer Prognosis: The Tried and True and What’s New: An Online Activity

Discuss the role of gene expression profiling for the management of skin cancers 

Describe how to integrate gene expression profiling for cutaneous melanoma and SCC to inform risk- and appropriate management decisions 

Optimizing The Patient Skin Cancer Journey With Gene Expression Profiling

We're going to be talking about optimizing the patient's skin cancer journey with gene expression profiling. So this is who we are, and our learning objectives are to discuss the role of gene expression profiling, which I'll call GEP for the management of skin cancers, and then to talk about how we integrate GEP into our treatment and workup for, ah, for melanoma and SCC. Okay. And this is accredited for 0.5 CME credits. Okay, so I'm going to now turn it over to Dr. Regal, who's going to start with the first case. Well, thank you so much. We have five cases. We're going to present it very quickly. This is the first case of 47 year old, the Fitzpatrick skin type. Two male with settle for a skin check, had a history of significant sun exposure, works indoors. He'd had moles removed before, but none for cancer. So the issue here is, here's the path, and as you can see, there's inflammation, but it's really indeterminate, really is not helping you with this. So how can a diagnosis be obtained with this if you're not sure the path is equivocal? Yeah, I think that this is a tough case. So these are the cases where you show them to ten different dermatopathologists and you're not going to have consensus on the answer. So a lot of times we'll start with sending these out in consult, but if we want more information, this is a place where we can use gene expression profiling to say not just what does this look like clinically or histologically, but genetically, does this look more like melanoma, like a benign lesion? So this is really an example of where you can use it. And this is just to show you, this is the test, the 23 GP test. And the data is kind of interesting because really, it's a higher number than I would have thought from this data, where the diagnosis is ambiguous for pigmented lesions. But the bottom line is that using the 23 genes in the model here for this, it classifies the patients in lesions, amlignant, indeterminate or benign, and most of them get classified in one way or the other. Basically, the one limitation with this that's important is you have to get at least 10% of the lesion in to be analyzed for this. But the bottom line, it can be performed only for non pediatric cases greater than 18 years of age. That's one of those. And it doesn't work for metastatic lesions. But bottom line, it can make a difference for this a number of clinical validation studies. And again, this is in your handout, so you can pull these, but also clinical utility. In other words, if you have the test, does it make a difference in management? That's what the utility tests do. And what it showed with this is an interesting study. They had 25 patients who were found to be benign, and they followed them, and you can see 88% of them did not have a reexcision, 12% did decide to excise anyway. But of the 25 cases, there were no recurrences or metastases reported. Any patient. These were all patients that were said they were benign from the study. And again, the whole concept of a personalized medicine, the conclusion, this is one study that came out showing that it influences the treatment of diagnostically challenging lesions, makes a difference. Okay, let's go to case two. This is a 68 year old white male with history of extensive sun exposure that presented with this lesion on the back. It was a 1.2 millimeter melanoma. How aggressively would you manage this patient? Yeah, so these are tough. So when we have a four millimeter melanoma, we know we have to be aggressive. When we look at this and we say it's probably a superficial spreading melanoma. I'm going to talk with the patient about what is the risk that this has spread? What are your next options? And so again, we can use things like nomograms, we can use things like the NCCN guidelines, but sometimes patients will really push me know, well, how likely is it that that sentinel node is going to be positive, or how likely is it that this is going to metastasize? And so that's when people want kind of a more personalized answer, that it can be helpful to have things like GEP. So basically, this is a perfect case for GP. And I think this is a 31 GP test that was developed to assess risk of recurrence for this. And there's basically, I think most of you use this at this point, but there's four different possibilities. One a, one b, two a, two b. This is actually the distribution that occurs for this. So about 10% of the cases that are tested, obviously a skewed view, but tested are actually in that highest risk group. So what's nice about this, if you compare the prediction of this versus just using the traditional AJCC eight alone, here's the value for AJCC eight. But look at how you dichotomize each of those, stage one, stage two, and stage three, into much more predictive outcomes based on having the additional data from the GEP, there have been a number of studies that have shown basically the efficacy of their test for relapse free survival and distant metastasis free survival. And again, this is a study. It was alluded to earlier today, but we'll hear about it a little more tomorrow. About a cohort of this was done at the NCI with data from the NCI, where there was GP testing data available. In other words, an independent data set that really looks at the validity of this test in a variety of ways. What was also interested in the multivariate analysis on this, you can see that the information from the GP test class was more significant, had a better ODS ratio than did the other factors we typically think of as being important. Okay, this is case three. Yeah, I thought that data was really interesting. And also, Daryl, I know when we had talked about it before that having the GEP result actually resulted in higher survival for the patients who had had the test done. So I think it's going to be neat to see how that all matures. I think it's going to be interesting. Obviously, the test is not therapeutic, so I think they're probably managed more efficiently is what happened. Right, yeah, more effective. So this is an example of a management challenge. So this is a patient who came in to see me. He's 85 years old. This was his first time ever coming to a dermatologist, because his PCP sent him, actually, for the lesion that you can see in front of his ear, which was ulcerated. And when I just sort of walked around and started looking at his skin and looked behind his ear, he had no idea that he had this very large, broad pigmented lesion. So he couldn't really give me any history, but I figured he'd probably been there a long time. And so I did biopsy it. And this was a superficial spreading melanoma. The Breslow thickness was 0.7 least. So I had a resident with me. I said, the key thing here is you really want to make sure you biopsy at least to a millimeter. You're not going to remove this entire thing. And then, of course, I did the biopsy, and I'm the one who got the positive deep margin, so it was not ulcerated, which was good. Other than that thickness, it really had lower risk features, 0 /mm squared, and the lateral and deep margins were positive. It, of course, also had an adjacent basal cell carcinoma that I couldn't even see, but that I found as part of this biopsy. So now what would you do next? Well, I think this is a perfect case where you want to look at the GP test for it, because if you don't know the thickness, that's the key here. And unfortunately, I've shaved through them, too. I think everybody in this room has shaved through a melanoma at some point and not realizing, you get that report, it's 0.7 to the base. You don't know what the real thickness is. And if you re excise it, you can't add it, you can't say, oh, it's 1.2 plus the 0.7 because there's regrowth and the tissue is growing back. So you're stuck. But with having that information, it can help you much better assess the risk for this patient in management. Yeah. So we actually brought him back in to the office and I saw him together with my mo surgeon, and I said, I can't believe I did this. But now we got to really make sure that we've accurately staged him. And how extensive is this? So we actually went and did. I'm not a fan of scouting biopsies in a primary melanoma, but it can be helpful if there's areas that were missed when you know that the diagnosis is definitely melanoma. We also wanted to see how extensive it was. And interestingly, every area that we biopsied came back as a melanoma and cyto. So now, the other challenge with this is not just does he need a sentinel node or not, but if he does, this is going to be a really tough lesion to clear. I mean, this is big. It's going behind the ear. The margins are very indistinct. So if we send him off for a sentinel node to surgical oncology, we don't have the ability to do sort of MOS or slow mos. So we said, well, let's see how high risk this really is. So we ordered a GEP test. So we ordered this, and we have now IgEP, which is an integrated result. So it's not just, is it class one a, which we did get that result. It was a class one a, so lowest risk. Interestingly, you also get a numeric score. So class one a can go from zero to zero point 41. He was 00:27 so sort of in the middle range. I could now also give him more information, like, what is your distant metastasis? Free survival, for example, was over 95%. But also, what was really key here was, what's the likelihood of this being having sent a positive sentinel node, and it was 2.9%. So when we talk about where did NCCN guidelines come from, they came from looking at the probability of a node being positive. And so the only thing you could correlate with was thickness. But in this case, we were able to say, normally, if the thickness would tell us that the likelihood of a positive node is less than 5%, we would recommend against it. Now, given the patient's age and other in the genetic features, as well as the thickness and other prognostic features, we could say his risk was below 5%. And we decided that the low possibility of missing a positive sentinel node was definitely outweighed by the great benefit of being able to have, under local anesthesia, slow mos. So he has now undergone slow mos and we've cleared this tumor, and now we get to move on to the other ten that were on his face. So I move on to my next case. So this is a 36 year old woman who came to see us eleven weeks pregnant. So, interestingly, we have a lot of access issues, so we have a pretty robust edrmatology storm forward platform that we use. And so she sent in the top photo, and she was then triaged. She came in to see us on dermascopy. This was clearly going to be a melanoma. So in this case, we were smarter. We did a narrow margin excision. So we said in that minute, we need to get this off. But this was a long discussion with the patient, because not only was she eleven weeks pregnant, she was being followed by maternal fetal medicine because she had had a previous late term pregnancy loss. So she was extremely anxious. So we biopsied this lesion and we had found that it had a Breslow thickness of 0.9 mm. So this is a t one b lesion. It is, because it's not ulcerated. The mitotic count was low. It was 1 /mm squared. So I really still consider that as a very low mitotic rate free margin. So we know we've identified this entire lesion. So now the discussion was, what do we do next? So we actually presented her at tumor board. We actually had a really robust discussion. Some people said, you know what? You should go ahead and do this. Pregnant women may have a higher risk. It clearly meets criteria. Do a sentinel node. The patient said, I don't want to do anything to risk this pregnancy. I've been through so much. So we said, why don't we discuss some other options, too? So we talked about the guidelines of care for melanoma. So this was published in the jad in 2019. In pregnant women, it is recommended that you avoid sentinel node biopsy, if possible, in the first trimester. Now, she could have waited a week or two. Our surgical oncologists can actually do this under local, apparently. So that is an option, but there is still going to be the radiation exposure. So this generated a lot of conversation. So we did get her score. So she was a class one a. And again, looking at the numerical score was helpful, because, again, that goes zero to 00:41 hers was zero point 13. We knew that her recurrence free survival was 95% distant. Metastasis free survival was over 96%. Now, her likelihood of a sentinel node being positive was 7%. So that's really a product of her age. We know that younger people are more likely to have a positive sentinel node that is probably not due to the risk of their tumor, but due to the makeup of their lymphatics. So, taking this all into consideration, we talked to her, and she elected to undergo reexcision under local and not to have the sentinel node biopsy done. So if we look at the data on this, this was a large study out of Oregon. And so this was looking at patients who had t one to t tumor, to t one t two tumors who had been referred for a sentinel node, and then looking at their class one a one b class status and their age, and looking at the probability using that to find their probability of a positive node. So we can see here that if you have patients who are older than 55, that if they have a class one a tumor, the probability of having a positive node is actually under 5%. Thinking back to those NCCN guidelines, that gives us some comfort. And then patients who have a one b or higher do have a higher probability. So we also know, again, if that patient had a two b tumor, I would be having a pretty serious discussion with her about getting that sentinel node. So how do we use these results? Class one a probability of a positive node less than 5%. We talk about potentially avoiding it. If we're in between that five to 10%, the guidelines would say discuss and consider, and if it's greater than 10%, I will nudge them in the direction. And again, with the IGEP, we get even more granular results. So in her case, it was a big benefit to be able to avoid that sentinel node. Okay, this is our last case assessing squamous cell prognosis. This was a 58 year old Fitzpatrick typesuit male, presented for a skin check. He grew up in Florida, had a lot of sun. He worked at construction with outdoors. He'd had a lot of spots frozen over the years, but never been diagnosed with a skin cancer. But he presented with this lesion and he first noticed it two years ago, but let it go. He said it itched. Occasionally it got bigger. He tried to treat it with 1% of hydrocortisone. Not pretty effective for that. I don't think so. Biopsy was showing invasive squamous cell for this comet. Yeah, I'm even more afraid of bad squamous cells sometimes than I am of melanoma, particularly intermediate thickness melanoma. So this is kind of a scary tumor. It's large, it's 5.1 cm. It looks like it's ulcerated. I'd be interested to see what kind of histologic features you have. And then again, this isn't a tough area. If you think about, do you just dive right into adjuvant therapy, like radiation? The neck is a tough area to get radiation, so I'd want to have a really informed discussion with that patient. Well, that's the challenge. And obviously, one way to use this and really cone in on what the risk is going to be is using the 40 gp test, which has been validated to predict metastatic risk for squamous cell patients. This again shows you the three different outcomes here. Class one for low biologic risk, class two a is moderate, and class three is a high biologic risk for metastatic disease. So again, the two b's have a 50% plus chance of metastatic risk to do this, putting this in a distribution, and this is not for squamous cell carcinoma site use or little ditzels or things that are kind of called aks, maybe early squamous cell. This is really for tumors with risk factors for squamous cell. But you can see in this series, about one in 18 are usually in that class two. So about 6% or whatever the number is there. Traditional staging are the two methods, AJCC and Brigham and women's hospital staging. And basically they have different high risk factors to do this. I like the brigade one because I'm quantitative, but it's a number of risk factors. It makes it pretty easy to figure out where it fits with this. But both of them work to some extent. But what's nice about this is, again, I showed you this before the data for the melanomas, but in squamous cell, the same thing. If you use that model of how many risk factors there are, again, having the data here, a two a two b or a one a really divides the initial black dots significantly in terms of assessing the risk for metas addict disease to do this. So again, you could use treatment plans here from low intensity to moderate intensity to high intensity for this. And basically it really helps in managing these patients. So we've got through these cases. Thank you very much and hope you enjoyed it. Thank you. Thank you. Thank.

Describe the current recommendations of the National Academies on the effect of UV filters on aquatic environment and health


Explain the concept of personalized photoprotection

Recognize why sunscreens fail and how they should be applied for optimal photoprotection

Explain why sunscreens produce heat on the skin surface 

2023 Virtual Grand Rounds Session 8: May 31, 2023 - Skin Cancer Prevention

Skin Cancer

WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measurements of cell-free, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can identify patients with melanoma and a high risk for recurrence before adjuvant targeted therapy, according to a study published online April 15 in The Lancet Oncology.Mahrukh M. Syeda, from NYU Langone Health in New York City, and colleagues examined whether ctDNA measurements could predict survival outcomes during adjuvant therapy or placebo treatment in stage III melanoma. BRAFV600E or BRAFV600K ctDNA was measured using mutation-specific droplet digital PCR assays in patients aged 18 years or older who were enrolled in the COMBI-AD trial, a double-blind study of oral dabrafenib plus oral trametinib combination therapy versus two matched placebos in resected BRAFV600-mutant stage III melanoma.The researchers found that ctDNA was detectable in 79 of 597 baseline samples (13 percent). Patients with higher disease substages had a significantly higher ctDNA positivity rate and mutant copies per mL plasma. ctDNA detection as a binary variable was associated with worse recurrence-free survival (hazard ratios, 2.91 and 2.98 in the placebo and combination groups, respectively) and overall survival (hazard ratios, 3.35 and 4.27, respectively). Compared with interferon gamma gene expression or tumor mutational burden, baseline ctDNA was more strongly associated with survival outcomes. Compared with patients with favorable kinetics, those with adverse longitudinal ctDNA kinetics had markedly shorter median recurrence-free survival."These findings provide a strong rationale for additional research to improve the clinical sensitivity of these assays and advance clinical trials that investigate the clinical use of incorporating ctDNA measurements into treatment decisions," the authors write.Several authors disclosed ties to biopharmaceutical companies, including Novartis, which funded the study.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(25)00139-1/abstract">Abstract/Full Text</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(25)00195-0/abstract">Editorial</a>

ctDNA detection at baseline was associated with worse recurrence-free, overall survival in BRAFV600-mutant stage III melanoma

Circulating Tumor DNA Can ID Outcomes for Patients With Melanoma

WEDNESDAY, April 16, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with advanced melanoma, immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment is associated with a reduced risk for melanoma brain metastases (MBM), according to a study published online April 11 in BJC Reports.Anna Fager, M.D., from Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden, and colleagues conducted a retrospective study involving patients diagnosed with advanced melanoma (unresectable stages III and IV [M1a-c]) between 2013 and 2019 to examine factors associated with MBM development.Ninety-one of the 395 patients subsequently developed MBM. The researchers found that the risk for MBM development was reduced among patients who received an immune checkpoint inhibitor as first-line treatment. Of the 11 patients who received CTLA-4 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1 inhibitors as first-line treatment, none developed brain metastases. An increased risk for MBM development was seen in association with elevated plasma levels of S100B and higher metastatic stage."The potential prevention of MBM development as observed here is considered to be of major clinical benefit and warrants further investigations, providing additional data addressing brain metastases development in different populations and cohorts," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44276-025-00137-2">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Risk for brain metastases development increased in association with elevated plasma levels of S100B, higher metastatic stage

Melanoma Brain Metastases Risk Reduced With Immune Checkpoint Treatment

WEDNESDAY, April 9, 2025 -- An autonomous total body photography (TBP) and dermoscopic device produces images of comparable quality to standard dermoscopic techniques, with shorter imaging time, according to a study published online April 9 in JAMA Dermatology.Pau Rosés-Gibert, M.D., from the University of Barcelona in Spain, and colleagues conducted a prospective cohort study from March 1, 2023, to Oct. 30, 2023, to compare image quality and time efficiency of an autonomous TBP and dermoscopic device with traditional manual digital dermoscopic techniques among 316 patients (105 male and 211 female) with atypical mole syndrome.The researchers found that the mean quality score for the autonomous TBP and dermoscopic device was 9.84 compared with 9.44 for manual digital dermoscopy; no significant difference was seen by body site or lesion type. The diagnostic classification agreement was 91.60 percent between the two methods; most discrepancies were related to small benign lesions. For the autonomous device, the mean imaging time was 570 seconds, compared with 606 seconds for the manual method."These findings suggest that this autonomous device may have potential value in improving workflow efficiency, especially in high-volume settings," the authors write.Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry; two authors hold related patents.

Quality of images produced by autonomous TBP and dermoscopic device comparable to standard dermoscopic techniques

High Quality Images Seen With Autonomous Total Body Photography + Dermoscopic Device

TUESDAY, April 1, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- Some commonly prescribed photosensitizing drugs increase skin cancer risk, according to a study published online March 18 in Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &amp; Photomedicine.Gustav Boelsgaard Christensen, from Skåne University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, and colleagues assessed whether the use of commonly prescribed photosensitizing drugs increases skin cancer risk.The researchers found that hormone replacement therapy significantly increased the risk for basal cell carcinoma (BCC; hazard ratio [HR], 1.24), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC; HR 1.23), and cutaneous malignant melanoma (cM; HR, 1.31), with estrogen driving the risk. There was a trend observed between a higher risk for BCC and cM and higher doses of estrogen treatment. Among individuals using diuretics, loop diuretics were associated with increased cSCC risk (HR, 1.6), including a positive association between risk and dose. Thiazide use was tied to increased risks for BCC (HR, 1.25) and cM (HR, 1.41). There was a possible curvilinear association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and BCC and cSCC."We suggest that physicians should advise female patients prescribed estrogen, thiazides, or loop diuretics to limit their sun exposure," the authors write. "Future well-designed prospective studies are warranted to further investigate the relationships between common photosensitizing drugs and the risk of skin cancer."Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phpp.70013">Abstract/Full Text</a>

<div class="p-alt arr--sub-headline arrow-component subheadline-m_subheadline__3fd7z subheadline-m_dark__28u00" style="-webkit-line-clamp:none;" data-test-id="subheadline">Estrogen treatment increased the risk for all investigated skin cancers</div>

Common Photosensitizing Drugs Increase Skin Cancer Risk

WEDNESDAY, April 2, 2025 -- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) scoring improves risk stratification in stage II melanomas, according to a study published online March 21 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.George Adigbli, M.B.B.S., D.Phil., from the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, and colleagues examined American Joint Committee on Cancer substaging and TIL scoring as predictors of progression in stage II melanoma. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of 366 sentinel lymph node negative (SLN-negative) patients with long-term follow-up from four U.K. hospitals.The researchers found that at a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 23 percent of melanomas progressed. Of these, 41.5, 41.5, and 17.1 percent were stage IIA, IIB, and IIC, respectively. Progression risk was independently predicted by TIL scoring (nonbrisk versus brisk: odds ratio, 0.298; nonbrisk versus absent: odds ratio, 0.436), as was progression-free survival. Nonbrisk TILs denoted high risk and were present in 80 percent of progressing tumors. Across substages, TIL scoring split patients into high and low risk; similar five-year progression-free survival was seen for stage IIA patients with nonbrisk TILs and stage IIB/IIC patients with absent/brisk TILs."Our study demonstrates that TIL scoring, particularly the assessment of TIL function, is a valuable, cost-effective prognostic tool for refining risk stratification in SLN-negative stage II melanoma patients," the authors write. "Amidst the rapid move toward earlier adjuvant immunotherapies, this marks a meaningful step forward in personalized cancer care."

Nonbrisk tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes denoted high risk and were present in 80 percent of progressing tumors

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Score Prognostic in Stage II Melanoma 

WEDNESDAY, March 19, 2025 -- For patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), the number of risk factors (RFs) is associated with recurrence, metastasis, and disease-related death, according to a study published online March 19 in JAMA Dermatology.Nina A. Ran, M.D., from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and colleagues examined how RF number is associated with the risk for recurrence, metastasis, and disease-related death in a retrospective multination cohort study of cSCCs diagnosed between Oct. 1, 1991, and July 19, 2023. A total of 16,844 cSCCs with confirmed negative margins were included.Overall, 75.1, 17.2, 6.0, 1.3, and 0.3 percent of the tumors had zero, one, two, three, or four RFs, respectively (diameter of 2 cm or larger; poorly differentiated histology; tumor extension beyond subcutaneous fat; and large caliber nerve invasion). The researchers found that the risk for local recurrence increased as the number of RFs increased from zero to one, two, three, and four (1.7, 5.0, 8.8, 16.0, and 33.0 percent, respectively). Corresponding increases were also seen for nodal metastasis (0.6, 3.6, 11.0, 20.0, and 28.0 percent), distant metastasis (0.2, 1.1, 2.3, 7.9, and 8.4 percent), and disease-specific death (0.3, 1.9, 5.4, 11.0, and 25 percent). Higher cumulative incidences of local recurrence, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, and disease-specific death were seen for cSCCs with three versus two RFs (1.6-, 1.9-, 4.3-, and 1.9-fold higher, respectively)."Considering the number of RFs, not just tumor stage, may aid in clinical decision-making," the authors write. "Future studies may consider refinements of staging systems based on the number of RFs."Several authors disclosed ties to the biopharmaceutical industry.

Risks for local recurrence, nodal metastases, distant metastases, disease-specific death increase as risk factor number increases

Number of Risk Factors Linked to Recurrence, Metastasis, Death in cSCC

FRIDAY, March 7, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- Tattooed individuals have an increased risk for lymphoma and skin cancers, according to a study recently published in BMC Public Health.Signe Bedsted Clemmensen, from the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, and colleagues conducted two designs of twin studies to examine the potential association between tattoo ink exposure and development of certain types of cancers: a cohort study including 2,367 randomly selected twins and a case-control study involving 316 twins born from 1960 to 1996.The researchers found that the risk for skin cancer (any type except basal cell carcinoma) was 1.62 times higher among tattooed individuals in the case-control study (95 percent confidence interval, 1.08 to 2.41). The hazard ratio was 1.33 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.46 to 3.84) for a twin-matched analysis of 14 twin pairs discordant for tattoo ink exposure and skin cancer. Increased hazards were found for tattoos larger than the palm of a hand for skin cancer and lymphoma (hazard ratios [95 percent confidence intervals], 2.37 [1.11 to 5.06] and 2.73 [1.33 to 5.60], respectively). An individual-level analysis resulted in hazard ratios of 3.91 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.42 to 10.8) and 2.83 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.30 to 6.16) for skin cancer and basal cell carcinoma, respectively, in the cohort study design."We are concerned that tattoo ink has severe public health consequences since tattooing is abundant among the younger generation," the authors write. "Studies that pinpoint the etiological pathway of tattoo ink-induced carcinogenesis are recommended."<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-025-21413-3">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Increased risks seen based on twin cohort and case-cotwin studies

Risk for Lymphoma, Skin Cancer Increased in Individuals With Tattoos 

WEDNESDAY, March 12, 2025 -- In a review and meta-analysis published online March 12 in JAMA Dermatology, several risk prediction models are identified and externally validated for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) positivity in melanoma.Bryan Ma, M.D., from the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, and colleagues reviewed the characteristics and discriminatory performance of existing risk prediction models for SLNB positivity in melanoma. Twenty-three articles describing development of 21 different risk prediction models were identified, in addition to 20 external validations of eight different risk prediction models; nine models included sufficient information to obtain individualized patient risk estimates in routine preprocedural clinical practice.The researchers found that the pooled weighted C statistic was 0.78 among all risk prediction models, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97.4 percent) that was not explained in meta-regression. The most frequently externally validated models were the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Melanoma Institute of Australia models, both of which had strong and comparable discriminative performance (pooled weighted C-statistics, 0.73 and 0.70, respectively). There was no significant difference seen in discrimination between models that included gene expression profiles and those using only clinicopathologic features (pooled C statistics, 0.83 and 0.77, respectively)."These findings may guide subsequent comparative studies to ensure that these models have adequate discrimination and calibration for recommendation as part of routine preoperative clinical assessments," the authors write.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Melanoma Institute of Australia models are most frequently externally validated&nbsp;

Several Models Externally Validated for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Positivity in Melanoma

WEDNESDAY, March 5, 2025 -- Handheld reflectance confocal microscopy (HH-RCM) is promising for detecting subclinical lentigo maligna (melanoma; LM/LMM), according to a study published in the March issue of the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology &amp; Venereology.Yannick S. Elshot, from the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam, and colleagues examined the effects of presurgical mapping using HH-RCM in 117 consecutive LM/LMM cases from 2015 to 2023. The diagnostic accuracy of HH-RCM in detecting subclinical LM was examined. Margin and follow-up outcomes were compared to those of a historical cohort of 94 patients (2003 to 2014).The researchers found that in 60 percent of cases, subclinical LM was detected by HH-RCM. The mapping procedure resulted in modified management in 33 patients (27 percent), most consisting of limited surgery with adjuvant imiquimod or imiquimod monotherapy (15 and 14 patients, respectively). The remaining 84 cases underwent HH-RCM-assisted surgery. In 96.5 percent of patients, histological margins were cleared, with a median histological margin of 3.0 mm, which was significantly higher than in the historical cohort (81 percent; margin of 2.0 mm). For detecting the extent of subclinical LM, the sensitivity was 94 percent and the specificity was 84 percent. For detection of LMM, the negative predictive value was 94 percent; 75 percent of the initially missed LMM were identified during the HH-RCM mapping procedure. The local recurrence rate was 1.6 percent compared with 25 percent in the historical cohort."Our findings support the efficacy of HH-RCM for precisely identifying surgical margins, reducing recurrence rates, and detecting subclinical LMM," the authors write. "This allows for an informed selection of patients suitable for nonsurgical treatment."

HH-RCM can precisely identify surgical margins and is associated with a reduction in recurrence rates of lentigo maligna (melanoma)

Handheld Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Efficacious for Detecting Lentigo Maligna (Melanoma)

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 26, 2025 -- For patients with primary anogenital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) yields lower rates of local recurrence compared with wide local excision (WLE) and vulvectomy, according to a review published online Feb. 23 in the International Journal of Dermatology.Sujitha Yadlapat, M.D., from the HCA Corpus Christi Medical Center in McAllen, Texas, and colleagues systematically reviewed surgical modalities for the management of anogenital SCC. Seventy studies met the inclusion criteria: 46 examined WLE patients, eight utilized vulvectomy, and 24 examined patients who underwent MMS.The researchers found that local recurrence rates were lower for MMS patients, while regional and distant recurrence rates did not differ. For WLE, the local, regional, and distant recurrence rates were 17.5, 5.1, and 6.0 percent, respectively, compared with 5.0, 3.8, and 4.3 percent for MMS. Patients treated with WLE were significantly more likely to have local recurrence, but not regional or distant recurrence."Our study demonstrates that MMS may lead to a lower local recurrence rate when compared to WLE," the authors write. "Therefore, it should be considered a viable option that can achieve superior outcomes with more precise tissue loss and possibly improved quality of life."One author disclosed ties to CASTLE Biosciences, Kerecis, and Boehringer Ingelheim.

Local recurrence rates lower compared with wide local excision, but no difference seen in regional, distant recurrence

Mohs Surgery Best for Local Recurrence in Anogenital Squamous Cell Carcinoma

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 19, 2025 -- For treatment of primary high-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), Mohs surgery is associated with improved outcomes compared with wide-lesion excision (WLE), according to a study published online Feb. 19 in JAMA Dermatology.David M. Wang, M.D., from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and colleagues examined the outcomes of primary high-stage cSCC among patients treated with Mohs surgery versus WLE in a retrospective cohort study using propensity score weighting. The study included 216 patients with high-stage cSCC (mean age, 73.5 years), with a median follow-up of 33.1 months.The researchers found that in the inverse probability of treatment weighting competing risk model, the three-year cumulative incidence of all adverse outcomes was greater among patients in the WLE group versus the Mohs surgery group, including local recurrence, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, any recurrence, and disease-specific death (weighted cause-specific hazard ratios, 2.33, 1.80, 2.10, 2.38, and 2.74, respectively)."The findings of this cohort study suggest that Mohs surgery may be superior to WLE for the treatment of high-stage cSCC," the authors write. "The propensity score-weighted analysis demonstrated a halving of three-year cumulative incidence of recurrence, metastasis, and disease-specific death for tumors treated with Mohs surgery compared with WLE."Several authors disclosed ties to the biopharmaceutical industry.

Improved outcomes seen in local recurrence, nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, any recurrence, disease-specific death

Mohs Surgery Linked to Improved Outcomes for Primary High-Stage cSCC

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 5, 2025 -- Patients with hematologic malignancies, especially those with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), have an increased risk for developing skin cancer, according to a study published online Jan. 24 in the British Journal of Dermatology.Celeste J. Eggermont, from the Erasmus MC Cancer Institute in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and colleagues examined population-based risk estimates for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), malignant melanoma (MM), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) among patients with hematologic malignancies in a nationwide population-based epidemiologic cohort study using data for 210,794 patients diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy between 1989 and 2020.The researchers found that the overall 10-year cumulative incidence of developing a first skin cancer was 2.6, 0.5, 0.05, and 4.8 percent for CSCC, MM, MCC, and BCC, respectively. Nearly all hematologic malignancy subtypes showed more than a twofold increased risk for CSCC, MM, MCC, and BCC compared with the general population. For each of the four skin cancers, the highest risks were seen for patients with CLL (standardized incidence ratios, 4.4, 2.7, 9.3, and 2.6 for CSCC, MM, MCC, and BCC, respectively). These elevated risks persisted for more than 30 years."Patients and physicians should be educated about the high and lifelong risk of skin cancer in this patient population, also with regard to less common but highly aggressive cancers, such as MCC," the authors write. "Sun protective measures should be strongly recommended, along with instructions on how to recognize the different types of skin cancer and on how to perform regular skin self-examinations."One author disclosed ties to Sanofi, Regeneron, and SunPharma.

Increased risks seen for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma

Risk for Skin Cancers Higher for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies

WEDNESDAY, Jan. 29, 2025 -- For patients with nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC), it cannot be concluded that superficial curettage (SC) plus imiquimod cream, 5 percent, is noninferior to surgical excision (SE) after five years of treatment, according to a study published online Jan. 29 in JAMA Dermatology.Babette J.A. Verkouteren, M.D., Ph.D., from Maastricht University Medical Centre in the Netherlands, and colleagues conducted a secondary analysis of a noninferiority trial to examine whether SC followed by imiquimod cream, 5 percent, is noninferior to SE in nBCC after five years of treatment. Patients with a primary nBCC of 4 to 20 mm were assigned to either SC plus imiquimod, 5 percent, or SE (73 and 72 patients, respectively) between Jan. 1, 2016, and Nov. 30, 2017.The researchers found 15 treatment failures in the SC plus imiquimod group and one treatment failure in the SE group. The five-year probability of remaining free from treatment failure was 77.8 and 98.2 percent after SC plus imiquimod and SE, respectively. The relative risk for treatment failure was 15.93 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.10 to 120.64); the 95 percent confidence interval did not exclude the noninferiority margin of 5.22."The information in this trial can be used to counsel patients on the relative benefits and trade-offs of the different treatment options for nBCC," the authors write.Two authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

Researchers could not conclude that superficial curettage plus imiquimod is noninferior to surgical excision at five years after treatment

Superficial Curettage May Not Be Noninferior to Excision for Nodular BCC

WEDNESDAY, Jan. 22, 2025 -- Exposure to particulate matter (PM) with diameters of 10 µm (PM10) or with diameters that are 2.5 µm or smaller (PM2.5) seems to have a protective effect on melanoma risk, potentially due to the reduction in ultraviolet radiation exposure, according to a study published online Jan. 17 in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.Francesco Bellinato, M.D., from the University of Verona in Italy, and colleagues conducted a case-control study involving 2,575 participants (1,473 melanoma patients and 1,102 healthy controls) to examine the association between PM10 and PM2.5 long-term exposure and melanoma risk.The researchers found that most melanoma patients had Fitzpatrick phenotypes 2 and 3 (59 and 36 percent, respectively). The average melanoma Breslow thickness was 1.01 mm; 68.15 percent of cases were diagnosed at stage 0 or IA. Higher PM10 and PM2.5 levels had a protective effect in multivariate logistic regression (odds ratios, 0.89 and 0.72, respectively). A reduced risk for melanoma was also seen in association with darker skin phototypes (Fitzpatrick 4) and cigarette smoking."Our findings suggest a neutral or even beneficial effect of exposure to higher PM10 and PM2.5 levels on melanoma risk," the authors write. "These results are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution because of many potential residual confounding factors."

Darker skin phototypes and cigarette smoking were also associated with reduced melanoma risk

Air Pollution Exposure May Be Protective for Melanoma Risk

WEDNESDAY, Jan. 15, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- A machine learning model can make accurate survival predictions for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), according to a study published online Jan. 8 in npj Digital Medicine.Noting there are no personalized prognostic tools in use in MCC, Tom W. Andrew, from Newcastle University in the United Kingdom, and colleagues employed explainability analysis to examine insights into mortality risk factors for MCC. Deep learning feature selection was combined with a modified XGBoost framework to develop a web-based prognostic tool for MCC.The researchers found that the tool, termed DeepMerkel, can make accurate, personalized, time-dependent survival predictions from readily available clinical information. The tool demonstrated generalizability through high predictive performance in an international clinical cohort, and outperformed current prognostic staging systems."DeepMerkel can make time-dependent survival predictions providing personalized prognostication and clinical guidance in MCC," the authors write. "This hybrid approach uses applied models which have been specifically adapted and integrated for disease-specific survival predictions and has demonstrated generalizability through high predictive performance in an international clinical cohort, outperforming current population-based prognostic staging systems."<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01329-9">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Tool demonstrated generalizability through high predictive performance in international clinical cohort

Machine Learning Model Accurately Predicts Survival in Merkel Cell Cancer

WEDNESDAY, Jan. 15, 2025 -- The female survival advantage seen in melanoma is mainly a result of an indirect effect of sex mediated by clinicopathological features, according to a study published online Jan. 12 in JNCI Cancer Spectrum.Noting that women have a survival advantage in melanoma, Tharani Murali, from the School of Medicine at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, and colleagues examined the relationship between sex, clinicopathologic variables, and melanoma-specific survival in 1,753 single primary melanomas.The researchers found that the effect of sex on survival was largely explained by differences in clinicopathological features of tumors at diagnosis. Differences in age at diagnosis, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitoses, and site accounted for 86.5 percent of the effect of sex on melanoma survival."Our results indicate that the female survival advantage in melanoma is largely due to mediating effects of clinicopathologic features of male and female tumors at the time of diagnosis," the authors write.

Differences in age at diagnosis, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitoses, and site account for 86.5 percent of effect of sex on survival

Effect of Sex on Melanoma Survival Due to Clinicopathological Features

WEDNESDAY, Jan. 8, 2025 -- Metformin has a potentially protective effect against skin cancer, according to a study published online Dec. 8 in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.Zaim Haq, from the Warren Albert Medical School at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and colleagues examined the potential of metformin for reducing the risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers using the All of Us research database. Propensity score matching and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to assess the impact of metformin on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).The researchers found that in individuals diagnosed with SCC and BCC, the risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer was reduced following exposure to metformin. In subgroup analyses, metformin exposure was associated with a reduced risk for BCC across sex and ethnicity groups. A significantly lower risk for SCC was seen in association with metformin use, with consistently reduced odds in univariable and multivariable odds ratios. In African American patients, metformin exposure was not significantly associated with reduced SCC risk."While these findings suggest a potential protective role of metformin, further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings in skin-of-color patients," the authors write.

Significantly lower risk for SCC seen in univariable and multivariable analyses, but not in African American patients

Metformin Potentially Protective Against Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

MONDAY, Dec. 30, 2024 -- Watchful waiting is a reasonable management option for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma determined clinically resolved at follow-up, according to a study published online Dec. 18 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.In a retrospective cohort study, Blake Boudreaux, M.D., from the University of Vermont Medical Center in Burlington, and colleagues describe oncologic outcomes for patients diagnosed with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma that was determined clinically resolved at follow-up and managed by watchful waiting. Cases occurred from Jan. 1, 2013, to April 30, 2023, and required clinical resolution more than four weeks after biopsy, watchful waiting management, and follow-up of at least 12 months.The researchers observed two cases of local recurrence among 148 tumors managed by watchful waiting and no cases of nodal metastasis, distant metastasis, or disease-specific death. Immunocompromised participants and those with rheumatologic disease had a significantly increased risk for recurrence (hazard ratios, 12.87 and 16.18, respectively)."The distinguishing feature of this study is preselection for a well-healed biopsy site," the authors write. "A skilled physical examination capable of distinguishing healthy scar tissue from residual cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is crucial to select appropriate patients for which watchful waiting may yield a very low risk of local recurrence."

In study, authors describe only two cases of local recurrence among 148 tumors managed by watchful waiting after clinical resolution

Watchful Waiting Reasonable for Surgically Managed Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma 

MONDAY, Dec. 23, 2024 -- Specific cancers are associated with an increased risk for developing subsequent cutaneous melanoma, according to a study published in the January issue of JID Innovations.Thomas Z. Rohan, from the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, and colleagues used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to examine the risk for developing cutaneous melanoma among survivors of the 20 most common cancers in the United States.The researchers identified nine primary cancers linked to an increased risk for developing a subsequent cutaneous melanoma: cutaneous melanoma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, thyroid cancer, brain and nervous system cancer, myeloma, breast cancer, oral cavity/pharynx cancer, and prostate cancer (standardized incidence ratios, 9.65, 1.76, 1.33, 1.32, 1.31, 1.23, 1.13, 1.12, and 1.03, respectively). The highest risk for developing melanoma was seen one to five years after diagnosis of most primary cancers. A 14-fold increased risk was seen for individuals aged younger than 50 years with a prior melanoma."Obtaining a detailed oncological history pertaining to the nine cancer types with increased risk of subsequent melanoma may help dermatologists in risk-stratifying patients for skin cancer screenings," the authors write.One author disclosed ties to Helsinn Therapeutics and Kyowa Hakko Kirin.

Increased risk seen in association with nine primary cancers, with highest risk at one to five years after diagnosis of primary cancer

Cutaneous Melanoma Risk Elevated for Survivors of Specific Cancers

WEDNESDAY, Dec. 11, 2024 &nbsp;-- Indoor tanning exposure is not associated with tumor mutational burden (TMB) in cutaneous melanoma, according to a study published online Dec. 11 in JAMA Dermatology.Grace B. Hanrahan, from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, and colleagues examined the association between cutaneous melanoma TMB and indoor tanning exposure in a retrospective cohort study. Inverse probability of treatment-weighted, multivariable modeling was used to model the association of tanning bed use with TMB.The researchers observed no association between indoor tanning exposure and TMB among 617 patients after adjustment for demographic, tumor, and dermatologic characteristics. However, higher TMB was significantly associated with older age at diagnosis, history of nonmelanoma skin cancer, and head and neck tumors relative to other primary sites. In patients with a history of abnormal nevi, average TMB was significantly lower."This cohort study with adjustment for demographics, tumor characteristics and skin risk factors did not show an association between indoor tanning and melanoma TMB despite the known association between indoor tanning and melanoma risk," the authors write. "This suggests that cumulative lifetime sun exposure may be a greater primary driver of TMB than intermittent radiation during indoor tanning."

TMB significantly associated with older age at diagnosis, history of nonmelanoma skin cancer, head and neck tumors &nbsp;

Indoor Tanning Not Linked to Tumor Mutational Burden in Melanoma

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 27, 2024 -- Most Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cases in the United States are attributable to ambient ultraviolent radiation (UVR) exposure or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), while only a small fraction of cases are attributable to immunosuppressive conditions, according to a study published online Nov. 27 in .Jacob T. Tribble, from the National Institutes of Health in Rockville, Maryland, and colleagues estimated the population attributable fraction of MCC cases in the United States that were attributable to major immunosuppressive conditions. Overall, 38,020 MCCs were diagnosed in the United States. The researchers found that MCC incidence was increased among people with HIV, organ transplant recipients, and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared with the general U.S. population (standardized incidence ratios, 2.78, 13.1, and 5.75, respectively). Due to the rarity of these conditions, only 0.2, 1.5, and 0.8 percent of MCC cases were attributable to HIV, solid organ transplant, and CLL, respectively. MCC incidence was elevated among non-Hispanic White individuals compared with individuals of racial and ethnic minority groups at lower and higher ambient UVR exposure levels (incidence rate ratios, 4.05 and 4.91, respectively, for MCC on the head and neck). Almost two-thirds (65.1 percent) of MCCs were attributable to UVR; 63.8 percent of MCCs were attributable to MCPyV based on a meta-analysis of 19 case series."Although MCC risk is substantially elevated among people with HIV, a solid organ transplant, or CLL, only 2.5 percent of MCC cases were attributable to these three immunosuppressive conditions due to their low prevalence in the general population," the authors write.

Most Merkel cell carcinoma cases are due to ambient ultraviolet radiation, Merkel cell polyomavirus

Small Fraction of Merkel Cell Carcinomas Due to Immunosuppressive Conditions

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 20, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Teledermoscopy has high accuracy for detecting skin cancers, according to a research letter published online Nov. 9 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Jenne P. Ingrassia, from New York Medical College in Valhalla, and colleagues conducted a prospective diagnostic accuracy study to compare the accuracy of telemedicine-based skin cancer detection to in-person evaluations. In addition, off-label use of Nevisense, a device to assess melanocytic skin lesions suspicious for melanoma for use in dermatologists' offices, was evaluated for improving accuracy of teledermoscopy. A total of 147 participants with 375 self-identified skin lesions were assessed.The researchers found that 97 percent of the skin lesions were benign. The most common diagnoses were seborrheic keratosis, common melanocytic nevus, solar lentigo, other, and hemangioma (38, 19, 10, 8, and 4 percent, respectively). Overall, 13 participants had a malignant neoplasm, with two melanomas. Eleven of 13 skin cancers were detected in face-to-face examination, with accuracy of 93 percent. The TeleTeam detected 11/13 skin cancers with clinical photos and dermoscopy alone (accuracy of 91 percent). The TeleTeam detected 12/13 skin cancers with Nevisense, but due to lower specificity, a high prevalence of benign lesions, and the rarity of atypical nevi and early-stage melanomas, accuracy decreased to 83 percent. Overall, 89 percent of participants who completed a postintervention questionnaire agreed or strongly agreed that they would feel more at ease having their worrisome spot examined by a teledermatologist versus not examined."Our results support the potential utility of teledermoscopy to safely triage patient- and primary-care clinician-identified skin lesions for in-person evaluation," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(24)03115-3/abstract">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a>

TeleTeam detected 11 of 13 skin cancers with clinical photos, dermoscopy alone, with accuracy of 91 percent

Teledermoscopy Accurate for Detecting Skin Cancers

WEDNESDAY, Nov. 13, 2024 -- Diagnostic accuracy for skin cancer differs significantly when comparing examination methods and physician specialty and experience, according to a review published online Nov. 13 in JAMA Dermatology.Jennifer Y. Chen, M.D., from the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis by lesion type, physician specialty and experience, and physical examination method. One hundred studies were included in the analysis.The researchers found that the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing keratinocytic carcinomas was 79.0 and 89.1 percent, respectively, for experienced dermatologists using clinical examination and clinical images; 83.7 and 87.4 percent, respectively, using dermoscopy and dermoscopic images; and 81.4 and 80.1 percent, respectively, for primary care physicians (PCPs). The odds of an accurate diagnosis of keratinocytic carcinomas were 2.5-fold higher for experienced dermatologists using in-person dermoscopy and dermoscopic images compared with in-person clinical examination and images. When examining for melanoma using clinical examination and images, sensitivity and specificity were 76.9 and 89.1 percent, 78.3 and 66.2 percent, and 37.5 and 84.6 percent for experienced dermatologists, inexperienced dermatologists, and PCPs, respectively; when using dermoscopy and dermoscopic images, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 85.7 and 81.3 percent, 78.0 and 69.5 percent, and 49.5 and 91.3 percent. The odds of accurate diagnosis of melanoma using dermoscopy versus clinical examination were 5.7-fold higher for experienced dermatologists."These results suggest that clinical examination combined with dermoscopy likely yields better accuracy than either method alone," the authors write.

Significant differences seen for diagnostic accuracy when specialty, experience, and examination methods are considered

Combo of Clinical Examination and Dermoscopy Most Accurate in Skin Cancer Diagnosis

THURSDAY, Nov. 7, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- There is a negative association between travel time to tanning facilities and county-level melanoma incidence rates, according to a study published online Nov. 7 in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology.Guixing Wei, Ph.D., from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and colleagues examined the association between melanoma incidence and access to tanning bed facilities using data for New England county-level melanoma incidence rates for 2014 to 2018, tanning bed facilities location, demographic data, socioeconomic data, and geographic data.The researchers found that for every one-minute increase in average travel time to tanning facilities within a 30-minute travel time threshold, there was a decrease in melanoma incidence by 3.46 and 1.92 percent in the same county and across New England, respectively. A negative association was identified between average travel time to tanning facilities and county-level melanoma incidence rate. With respect to county-level melanoma rate, six high-risk clusters and seven low-risk clusters were identified."The identification of clusters of melanoma incidence can help inform the strategic targeting of interventions and resources that aim to reduce the burden of melanoma," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(24)02172-9/fulltext">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Six high-risk clusters were identified with respect to county-level melanoma rate

Travel Time to Tanning Facilities Negatively Linked to Melanoma Incidence

MONDAY, Nov. 4, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- A new set of skin cancer risk factors can improve detection of suspicious skin lesions, according to a study published online Sept. 6 in Scientific Reports.Shafiqul Islam, Ph.D., from the University of Essex in Colchester, England, and colleagues examined artificial intelligence (AI) models that use patient metadata consisting of 23 attributes for suspicious skin lesion detection. Performance of a new set of most important risk factors, known as C4C risk factors, was compared to that of the 7-point checklist (7PCL) and the Williams risk factors that predict lifetime melanoma risk.The proposed AI framework identified seven new skin cancer risk factors: lesion pink, lesion size, lesion color, lesion inflamed, lesion shape, lesion age, and natural hair color. The researchers found that when evaluating metadata from 53,601 skin lesions collected from different skin cancer diagnostic clinics, this proposed framework achieved sensitivity of 80.46 ± 2.50 percent and specificity of 62.09 ± 1.90 percent for detecting suspicious skin lesions compared with 68.09 ± 2.10 percent sensitivity and 61.07 ± 0.90 percent specificity for 7PCL and 66.32 ± 1.90 percent sensitivity and 61.71 ± 0.6 percent specificity for the Williams risk factors. The best performance was achieved by combining the C4C risk factors with 7PCL and Williams risk factors, with 85.24 ± 2.20 percent sensitivity and 61.12 ± 0.90 percent specificity."In our current and future research, we are extending our investigation through the fusion of the newly identified skin risk factors and weighted risk score together with lesion images using deep learning models, which we believe will further boost the performance of skin cancer detection in a cost-effective manner," the authors write.Abstract/Full Text

C4C risk score achieved sensitivity of 80.46 ± 2.50 percent and specificity of 62.09 ± 1.90 percent, outperforming other models

New Set of Risk Factors Can Boost Detection of Suspicious Skin Lesions

WEDNESDAY, Oct. 9, 2024 -- For patients with cutaneous leiomyosarcoma (cLMS), disease-specific survival (DSS) is similar with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and wide local excision (WLE) treatment, according to a research letter published online Sept. 27 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Tejas P. Joshi, M.D., from Wellstar Health System in Marietta, Georgia, and colleagues analyzed DSS in cLMS patients treated with MMS versus WLE using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Data were included for 72 and 310 cLMS patients treated with MMS and WLE, respectively.Patients treated with MMS were more likely to have head and neck disease, localized stage, and household income ≥$75,000; no difference was seen in tumor size between the groups. The researchers found that DSS was similar for patients treated with MMS versus WLE; the findings persisted in an adjusted analysis incorporating age, income, and stage as covariates."Our data suggest MMS to be an effective surgical approach for the treatment of cLMS with equivalent DSS to WLE, supporting the current appropriate use criteria for cLMS," the authors write. "MMS also has the added benefit of tissue preservation."

DSS similar with Mohs micrographic surgery, wide local excision treatment; findings persist in adjusted analysis

Disease-Specific Survival Equal for Mohs, Wide Local Excision in Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma

THURSDAY, Sept. 26, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with primary thyroid cancer who receive radioactive iodine therapy have an elevated risk for melanoma and other nonkeratinocyte skin cancers when limiting the cancer site to the head and neck, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in JAMA Network Open.Shawheen J. Rezaei, from the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, and colleagues characterized the risk for subsequent melanoma and other nonkeratinocyte skin cancers in patients with primary thyroid malignant neoplasms. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to estimate the risk for subsequent cancer development.The researchers found that 45.5 percent of the 174,916 patients with primary thyroid cancer diagnosed from 2000 to 2019 had first-course treatment of some form of radiation. Following thyroid cancer, 865 nonkeratinocyte skin cancers (790 melanoma) were diagnosed; 19.8 percent were located on the skin of the head or neck. When limiting the cancer site to the head and neck skin, the SIRs were higher than expected for all nonkeratinocyte skin cancers (SIR, 1.64), melanoma (SIR, 1.56), and other nonkeratinocyte skin cancers (SIR, 2.07) following thyroid cancer treated with radioactive iodine. Patients who did not receive radioactive iodine therapy did not have an elevated risk for head and neck skin cancer. If the primary thyroid cancer treated with any type of radiation was the papillary subtype, the SIR was statistically significant (SIR, 1.69), but this finding was not seen for other thyroid cancer subtypes."Although the risks of subsequent cancer do not outweigh the benefits of treatment, our findings suggest that patients treated for thyroid cancer may benefit from follow-up skin cancer screening," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2823755">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Standardized incidence ratios elevated for all nonkeratinocyte skin cancers, melanoma

Melanoma Risk Increased After Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Primary Thyroid Cancer

WEDNESDAY, Oct. 2, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Circulating antibodies against cancer-testis antigens (CTAgs) are found in stage I and stage II melanoma plasma samples, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, held from Sept. 25 to 28 in Amsterdam.Cristina Vico-Alonso, M.D., from Monash University Public Health and Preventive Medicine in Melbourne, Australia, and colleagues examined whether anti-CTAg antibodies can aid in the early detection of melanoma using plasma samples from two cohorts. Cohort 1 included 264 patients diagnosed with melanoma in situ, stage I and stage II; cohort 2 included 108 heathy individuals without melanoma. Two different CTAg microarray platforms were used to profile the antibodies present in plasma (CT100+ and the Sengenics CTA Protein Microarrays).To date, the CT100+ array has been used to assay 199 plasma samples from patients in cohort 1. The antibody profile was compared to results from 38 healthy individuals from cohort 2. The researchers identified specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against three tumor antigens as promising diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage melanomas; in the discovery and internal validation cohorts, the univariate areas under the curve varied from 0.857 to 0.981 and from 0.824 to 0.985, respectively."This method of early detection could be integrated into current melanoma screening practices to provide additional information, especially in uncertain cases, potentially avoiding unnecessary procedures," Vico-Alonso said in a statement.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://eadv.org/">More Information</a>

Specific antibodies against three tumor antigens identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage melanomas

Anti-CTAg Antibodies Identified in Stage I, II Melanoma

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 25, 2024 -- Multiple methods are used to identify the correct site when the anatomic location of a nonmelanoma tumor is uncertain, according to a study published online Sept. 20 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.In a nationwide, prospective, multicenter study, Areeba Ahmed, M.D., from the Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, and colleagues estimated the frequency and characterized the management of skin cancer treated by surgery when the anatomic location of the tumor is in question.The researchers found that 0.60 percent of the 17,076 cases at 22 centers were lesions in question for which site identification was initially uncertain; these cases occurred more often in male and older patients and in those biopsied more than 30 days previously. On average, surgeons employed 5.0 additional techniques to confirm the site location, including rechecking available documentation, performing an expanded physical examination, and asking the patient to point using a mirror (92, 91, and 62 percent, respectively). Photographs were requested from the biopsying provider in 15 percent of cases, and frozen section biopsies were obtained in 15 percent. The referring physician was contacted in 10 percent of cases. Surgeons succeeded in definitively identifying 82 percent of initially uncertain sites; the remaining 18 percent were postponed and were mainly at nonfacial sites."Site identification issues can be mitigated by promoting patient education so that patients are aware of the location of their biopsy site, and most importantly, by ensuring that high-resolution photos obtained by referring providers with visible anatomic landmarks are conveyed to the surgeon in a timely manner," the authors write.Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

When the precise location of a nonmelanoma tumor is uncertain, surgeons consider multiple elements of available data

Multiple Methods ID Anatomic Location of Nonmelanoma Tumor When Location Uncertain

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 11, 2024 -- Ultraviolet (UV) exposure remains associated with an increased risk for melanoma in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I to IV, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis published online Sept. 4 in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.Michael Kwa, M.D., from Henry Ford Health in Detroit, and colleagues conducted a systematic review from January 2002 to December 2021 analyzing UV exposure and melanoma risk in individuals with Fitzpatrick type I to IV skin types. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, with data spanning individuals from national and multinational cohorts.The researchers found that based on data from 20 studies (77 percent), there was a significant association between UV exposure and melanoma incidence. The most commonly assessed risk factor was sunburn. Studies of sunburn included 3,417 melanomas, and positive significant odds ratios were identified in 11 of 13 studies, ranging from 1.23 to 8.48. In a pooled analysis of the risk for melanoma with sunburn history, the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the risk for melanoma with sunburn history were 1.66 and 1.23, respectively. The second most common risk factor was cumulative sun exposure, encompassing 913 melanomas; positive significant odds ratios varied from 1.1 to 5.2. Most studies showed an association with UV index, outdoor leisure activity, and left-sided laterality."Sunburns were the most robustly captured and were found to signify an increased risk of melanoma while other forms of UV exposure had mixed results. Thus, ongoing counseling for photoprotection remains valuable for mitigating the risk of melanoma in this population," the authors write.Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

Studies on sunburn from last 20 years show positive significant odds ratios ranging from 1.23 to 8.48

UV Exposure Continues to Be Linked to Increased Melanoma Incidence in Those With Fair Skin

TUESDAY, Sept. 10, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- For adults aged 30 to 49 years, there has been a decline in melanoma incidence and mortality, according to a study published online Sept. 8 in JAMA Dermatology to coincide with the annual meeting of the European Society for Medical Oncology, held from Sept. 13 to 17 in Barcelona, Spain.Hildur Helgadottir, M.D., Ph.D., from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and colleagues examined melanoma incidence and mortality trends in Sweden using national population data from the Swedish Melanoma Registry and the Swedish Cancer Registry. The study included all patients diagnosed from 1990 to 2022. For each year, incidence and mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 inhabitants.From 1990 to 2022, there were 34,800 primary invasive cutaneous melanomas reported in 33,324 individuals younger than 60 years. The researchers found a consistent increase in melanoma incidence among those aged 50 to 59 years. An incidence peak was seen in 2013 to 2015 for those aged 20 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 49 years, followed by stable or significantly decreasing rates until 2022. Melanoma incidence remained low among patients younger than 20 years, with no significant trends. Among those aged 30 to 59 years, but not in those aged 60 years or older, there was a significant decline in melanoma mortality."Raised public awareness, particularly about protecting children from sun exposure, has possibly had a positive association with melanoma incidence and mortality in young adults," the authors write.One author disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2823464">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.esmo.org/meeting-calendar/esmo-congress-2024">More Information</a>

Melanoma incidence decreased for those aged 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49 years; decline in melanoma mortality seen for those aged 30 to 59 years

Melanoma Incidence, Mortality Declining in Those Aged 30 to 49 Years

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 28, 2024 -- Most patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have residual tumor at the time of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), including in some patients clinically appearing tumor-free following biopsy, according to a study published online Aug. 19 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Katherine G. Thompson, M.D., from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, and colleagues examined the percentage of cases in which residual tumor was histologically present at the time of MMS for BCC and SCC. Data were included for 483 MMS cases performed for biopsy-proven BCC and SCC (287 and 196 cases, respectively) between October 2022 and April 2023.The researchers identified residual tumor in 83.3 and 66.8 percent of BCC and SCC, respectively, at the time of MMS. Residual histologic tumor was identified in 68.2 and 41.5 percent of BCC and SCC, respectively, in patients clinically appearing tumor-free following biopsy. The likelihood of residual tumor was significantly higher in men, high-risk sites, smaller biopsy sizes, and larger preoperative sizes."Future studies examining how to reliably identify cases in which no residual histologic tumor is present following biopsy could potentially allow patients in those select cases to avoid surgery in the future," the authors write.

Most patients with BCC, SCC have residual tumor at time of MMS, including in some clinically appearing tumor-free after biopsy

Residual Tumor Common in Patients Undergoing Mohs for Basal, Squamous Cell Cancers

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 21, 2024 -- Urban-rural health disparities in skin cancer persist, according to a study published in the June issue of the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.Rachel R. Lin, from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and colleagues conducted a cross-sectional study using data from five states from the 2018 to 2021 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey to examine the prevalence of skin cancer history and urban/rural status across social determinants of health.The researchers found that across most social determinants of health, rural counterparts were significantly more likely to have a positive skin cancer history. Across all races, rural populations had a higher prevalence of skin cancer history. Compared with their urban counterparts, rural non-Hispanic Whites had greater odds of skin cancer history (odds ratio, 1.40), while the odds were also higher for rural Blacks; Hispanics; other-race, non-Hispanics; and Asians (odds ratios, 1.74, 2.31, 1.99, and 20.46, respectively); no significant difference was seen for American Indian/Alaska Natives. There was also no significant difference seen in prevalence or odds between urban and rural settings when household income exceeded $100,000.Urban-rural health disparities regarding skin cancer continue to exist, particularly among low/middle-income communities and communities of color," the authors write. "The onus of decreasing rural rates of skin cancer should not fall entirely on the dermatologists practicing in rural areas."

Higher odds of skin cancer seen for rural non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, other race non-Hispanics, and Asians

Urban-Rural Health Disparities Persist in Skin Cancer

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 14, 2024 -- For patients with advanced melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical practice, survival plateaus after three years and then decreases, according to a study published online Aug. 14 in JAMA Network Open.Olivier J. van Not, M.D., from the Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing in Leiden, Netherlands, and colleagues examined long-term survival in patients with advanced melanomas treated with ICIs outside of clinical trials in a cohort study using prospectively collected data. A total of 2,490 patients treated with first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab, antibodies that target programmed cell death, or ipilimumab were included.The researchers found that progression-free survival was 23.4 and 19.7 percent for all patients after three years and after five years, respectively. For all patients, overall survival was 44.0 and 35.9 percent after three years and after five years, respectively. A significantly higher risk for progression after reaching partial or complete response was seen for patients with metastases in three or more organ sites (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37). "The findings of our study are important for daily clinical practice and can be used to inform physicians and patients of the long-term treatment outcomes following ICI treatment in clinical practice settings," the authors write. "Moreover, these data can be used to develop follow-up plans for long-term survivors of advanced melanoma."Several authors disclosed ties to the biopharmaceutical industry.

Findings show decrease in survival from three years of treatment to five years for patients treated with ICIs in clinical practice

Survival Plateaus After Three Years of ICI Treatment of Advanced Melanoma

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 7, 2024 -- For patients with lentigo maligna treated by staged excision, 89.2 percent had clear margins after initial excision with 5-mm margins, according to a study published in the July issue of SKIN.Michael Adkison, from the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, and colleagues conducted a retrospective analysis of primary and recurrent lentigo maligna treated by staged excision with complete circumferential and deep margin assessment between 2011 and 2023 at a single institution. The percentage of tumors with clear margins was assessed after initial incision with 5-mm margins.Sixty-five tumors were identified, with a mean preoperative tumor size of 2.2 ± 0.9 cm. The researchers found that 89.2 percent of the patients had clear margins. Seven patients received more than one excision (three patients needed two; two needed three; one needed four; and one underwent five excisions). For cases requiring multiple excisions, the mean preoperative tumor size was 2.4 ± 1.2 cm. One of these tumors was a recurrent lentigo maligna. "Our study demonstrates a slightly higher percentage of tumors cleared with 5 mm margins than reported in existing literature," the authors write.

Seven patients received more than one excision; one of these tumors was recurrent lentigo maligna

Clear Margins Seen for 89.2 Percent After Initial Excision of Lentigo Maligna

WEDNESDAY, July 31, 2024 -- Site-specific melanoma incidence trends may be partially related to genetic risk, according to a study published online July 19 in the British Journal of Dermatology.Catherine M. Olsen, Ph.D., from the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Brisbane, Australia, and colleagues compared the association between constitutional, genetic, and environmental risk factors for invasive melanoma and different body sites for men and women in a population-based prospective cohort study involving 17,774 men and 21,070 women aged 40 to 69 years in 2011.The researchers found that 455 men and 331 women developed an incident invasive melanoma during a median 10.4 years of follow-up. For men and women, the most common body sites were the trunk (45.1 percent) and the upper (36.8 percent) and lower limbs (27.4 percent), respectively. In men and women, high nevus density and proxy measures of high cumulative sun exposure were similarly associated with melanoma at all sites. High genetic risk was associated with melanoma on all body sites, apart from the head and neck, in men and women. The association between polygenic risk score and melanoma of the trunk differed between men and women (highest versus lowest tertile: hazard ratio, 2.78 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.64 to 4.69] for men; hazard ratio, 1.55 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 3.80] for women); nonsignificant but large differences were seen for the lower limbs. "Our findings suggest that there may be sex differences in genetic predisposition to melanoma of the trunk, and perhaps, the lower limbs, although we cannot rule out the play of chance," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://academic.oup.com/bjd/advance-article/doi/10.1093/bjd/ljae297/7716738?login=false">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a>

Association between polygenic risk score and melanoma of the trunk differs between men and women

Site-Specific Melanoma Trends May Be Related to Genetic Risk

WEDNESDAY, July 24, 2024 -- For cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the scalp, deep histological margins &lt;1 mm do not increase the risk of recurrence as long as the margins are clear and there is no concurrent invasion of the galea aponeurotica, according to a study published online July 22 in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology &amp; Venereology.Júlia Verdaguer-Faja, M.D., from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in Spain, and colleagues conducted a multicenter retrospective observational cohort study and multivariate competing risk analysis to examine whether clear but close deep histological margins (&lt;1 mm) confer a higher risk of recurrence in cSCCs of the scalp treated with wide local excision compared to deep histological margins of ≥1 mm. Data were included for 295 patients with 338 cSCCs.The researchers observed no association for close deep histological margins with increased cumulative incidence of recurrence (subhazard ratio, 1.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.87 to 4.41). However, tumors that presented concurrent invasion of the galea aponeurotica and close deep margins had increased risk of recurrence compared to tumors without these factors (subhazard ratio, 3.52; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.24 to 10.01). Higher risk of recurrence was also seen for tumors with clear but close peripheral margins (&lt;1 mm) (subhazard ratio, 5.01; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.68 to 14.97)."Surgical excision of cSCCs of the scalp should include the galea to enable complete assessment of the excised tumor and avoid complications," the authors write. "These results may not be extrapolated to cSCCs from other locations, which do not share the particular anatomical characteristics of the scalp."<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jdv.20250">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Risk of recurrence up for tumors that present concurrent invasion of the galea aponeurotica and close deep margins

Do Surgical Margins Affect the Risk of Recurrence in Cutaneous SCCs of the Scalp?

FRIDAY, July 19, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- With respect to their lifetime prevalence of skin cancer, sexual minority (SM) adults differ across racial and ethnic groups and among males and females, according to a study published online July 17 in JAMA Dermatology.Katelyn J. Rypka, from the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, and colleagues examined differences in the lifetime prevalence of skin cancer among U.S. adult females and males by sexual orientation in a cross-sectional study using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from Jan. 1, 2014, to Dec. 31, 2021. Of the 1,512,400 participants studied, 53.2, 2.6, 42.2 and 2.0 percent were heterosexual females, SM females, heterosexual males, and SM males, respectively.The researchers found that the lifetime prevalence of skin cancer was higher for SM males versus heterosexual males overall (7.4 versus 6.8 percent; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.16), especially among Hispanic males (4.0 versus 1.6 percent; aOR, 3.81) and non-Hispanic Black males (1.0 versus 0.5 percent; aOR, 2.18). Compared with heterosexual females, lifetime prevalence rates were lower among SM females for non-Hispanic Whites (7.8 versus 8.5 percent; aOR, 0.86), while rates were higher among Hispanic SM females (2.1 versus 1.8 percent; aOR, 2.46) and non-Hispanic Black SM females (1.8 versus 0.5 percent; aOR, 2.33). "Future research and public health interventions should consider race and ethnicity and individual sexual identity when addressing skin cancer and related risk behaviors, with a particular emphasis on Black and Hispanic SM females and males and White gay males," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2821288">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a>

Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black sexual minority males and females have higher rates of skin cancer than their heterosexual counterparts

Prevalence of Skin Cancer Varies for Sexual Minority, Heterosexual Adult

WEDNESDAY, July 17, 2024 -- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with an increased risk for subsequent skin cancer, according to a review published online July 10 in the International Journal of Dermatology.Miguel Mansilla-Polo, M.D., from the Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe in Valencia, Spain, and colleagues examined the risk for skin cancer following HSCT in a review involving 26 studies with 164,944 HSCT recipients (68,637 underwent allogeneic HSCT; 95,435 underwent autologous HSCT).The researchers found that the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for skin cancer post-HSCT was 7.21 overall, with SIRs of 2.25 and 10.18 for autologous and allogeneic HSCT, respectively. Risk factors for skin cancer included chronic graft-versus-host-disease (hazard ratio, 2.86), especially for basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; hazard ratios, 1.80 and 3.68, respectively), male gender, especially for SCC (hazard ratios, 1.56 and 1.70, respectively), and voriconazole exposure (hazard ratio, 2.01). No significant association was seen for total body irradiation with subsequent skin cancer. "These findings highlight the critical need for vigilant skin cancer surveillance and preventive measures in this high-risk population, particularly among men with allogeneic transplants and other identified risk factors," the authors write.

Risk factors for skin cancer include chronic graft-versus-host-disease, male gender, voriconazole exposure

Subsequent Skin Cancer Risk Increased for Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

TUESDAY, July 9, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Urban-rural disparities in skin cancer prevalence continue to persist, according to a study published in the June issue of the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.Rachel R. Lin, from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and colleagues used data from the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (2018 to 2021) to compare the prevalence of skin cancer by urban versus rural status.The researchers found that rural residents were significantly more likely to have a positive skin cancer history across most social determinants of health, including across all races. Compared with urban peers, rural non-Hispanic White individuals had greater odds of skin cancer history (odds ratio, 1.40). The odds of skin cancer history were nearly doubled for rural Black (odds ratio, 1.74), Hispanic (odds ratio, 2.31), and other-race, non-Hispanic individuals (odds ratio, 1.99), while the odds were 20-fold higher for Asians (odds ratio, 20.46). When household income was more than $100,000, there were no significant differences noted in prevalence or odds of skin cancer history between urban and rural settings. "Increasing awareness of vulnerable sociodemographic groups can help direct necessary attention to these communities regarding skin cancer prevention and screening," the authors write. "More research is needed to further disseminate risk and determine effective public health strategies for skin cancer among these rural communities."<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jddonline.com/articles/rural-health-disparities-in-skin-cancer-amplified-among-skin-of-color-S1545961624P0480X/">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Rural-urban differences magnified by lower income and race

Rural Residents Continue to Have Higher Odds of Skin Cancer

MONDAY, July 1, 2024 -- A new rules-based referral pathway is associated with improved patient stratification for skin cancer diagnoses and shorter referral to first encounter time among high-risk patients, according to a study published online June 26 in JAMA Dermatology.Yiqun Chen, Ph.D., from Stanford University in California, and colleagues examined whether a rules-based triage system was associated with better skin cancer risk stratification of patients in a retrospective quality improvement cohort study. Data were included for 37,478 patients: 12,302 seen after and 25,176 seen before the implementation of the new triage pathway. The rules-based triage system was based on previously-determined high-risk lesion characteristics.The researchers found that for patients seen after and before implementation of the new triage pathway, the rates of aggregate biopsy, malignant biopsy specimens, and melanoma were comparable. Compared with those not seen through the pathway, patients seen through the lesion pathway had a higher risk of malignancy biopsy results and melanoma (adjusted risk ratios, 1.6 and 2.0, respectively). Increased risk of skin cancer was seen in association with lesions that were concerning to referring clinicians for skin cancer (adjusted risk ratios, 2.8 and 2.02 for all skin cancer and melanoma, respectively). In the new triage pathway, the three high-risk lesion groups were seen faster (mean reduction, 26 days). "Our findings might improve in-clinic resource allocation and reduce patient wait time by prioritizing those more likely to require biopsies," the authors write.One author disclosed ties to the dermatology and biopharmaceutical industries.

Three high-risk lesion groups seen faster in the new triage pathway, with a mean reduction of 26 days

Rules-Based Triage System Improves Patient Stratification for Skin Cancer

MONDAY, July 1, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Among patients with incompletely excised basal cell carcinoma (BCC), only about 16 percent with positive histopathologic margins have clinical recurrence, according to a study published online June 13 in Dermatology.Maria Daviti, M.D., from Aristotle University in Thessaloniki, Greece, and colleagues reported the real-life management of incompletely excised BCC in a tertiary referral center and compared recurrence rates according to management modality in a retrospective study. All BCCs with available histopathologic assay reporting at least one involved margin (lateral or deep) over a five-year period were identified. Patients were categorized into three groups: immediate re-excision (group 1; 26 patients); follow-up without any additional treatment (group 2; 40 patients); and treatment with adjuvant/complementary nonsurgical treatment (group 3; 18 patients).The researchers found that based on histopathological reports, 53.8 percent of 26 tumors in group 1 that were re-excised had residual tumor. After a mean follow-up of 17 months, a clinical recurrence occurred in 14 of 84 patients (16.7 percent), with a median of 14 months to recurrence. Recurrence developed in 25 percent of the patients without any additional treatment, compared with 11.1 percent of those receiving nonsurgical treatments. "Our study suggests that positive histopathologic margins after BCC excision result in a clinical recurrence only in a proportion of patients," the authors write. "This percentage is higher when no further treatment is applied and lower when the area is re-excised or treated with imiquimod alone or combined with cryotherapy."<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://karger.com/drm/article/239/3/429/835928/Real-Life-Data-on-the-Management-of-Incompletely">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Recurrence developed in more patients who did not receive additional treatment and in fewer receiving nonsurgical treatments

Few Patients With Positive Margins After Basal Cell Excision Have Recurrence

MONDAY, June 24, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with resected stage III melanoma, adjuvant therapy with dabrafenib plus trametinib is associated with a nonsignificant benefit in terms of overall survival, according to a study published online June 19 in the New England Journal of Medicine.Georgina V. Long, M.D., Ph.D., from the University of Sydney, and colleagues randomly assigned 870 patients with resected stage III melanoma with BRAFV600 mutations to receive 12 months of dabrafenib plus trametinib or two matched placebos. The median duration of follow-up was 8.33 and 6.87 years for dabrafenib plus trametinib and placebo, respectively.The researchers found that for overall survival, the Kaplan-Meier estimates favored dabrafenib plus trametinib over placebo, but the benefit was not significant (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.62 to 1.01; P = 0.06). Across several prespecified subgroups, a consistent survival benefit was seen, including among 792 patients with melanoma with a BRAFV600E mutation (hazard ratio for death, 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.96). Significant benefits were also seen for dabrafenib plus trametinib versus placebo for relapse-free survival (hazard ratio for relapse or death, 0.52; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.63) and for distant metastasis-free survival (hazard ratio for distant metastasis or death, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.71). There were no new reports of safety signals. "Whether or how therapies administered after relapse may have reduced the effect of adjuvant therapy on overall survival is unclear," the authors write.GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis funded the study; Novartis is the manufacturer of dabrafenib and trametinib.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2404139">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a>

Consistent survival benefit seen across several prespecified subgroups, including those with a BRAFV600E mutation

Nonsignificant Survival Benefit Seen for Dabrafenib, Trametinib in Melanoma

WEDNESDAY, June 26, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- For localized adnexal carcinomas, age, tumor size, and immunosuppression are associated with survival, according to a study published online June 12 in JEADV.Robin Zagala, from the Centre Hospitalier de Pau in France, and colleagues examined prognostic factors for outcomes in skin adnexal carcinomas based on data from the CAncers RAres DERMatologiques (CARADERM) database. Demographic data, tumor types, and therapeutic characteristics were obtained for all patients included in the CARADERM database with at least one informative follow-up visit. Analyses were conducted among three populations: patients with complete resection of the primary tumor (ADJ/primary population), patients achieving complete remission after complete resection of a recurrent tumor (ADJ/recurrent population), and patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic tumors (ADV/MET population).The researchers found that in the ADJ/primary population, radiotherapy did not affect overall survival (OS); however, adjusted recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly lower in the radiotherapy group. Significantly poorer OS and RFS were seen for older patients. Significant associations were seen for tumor size and immunosuppression with poorer RFS only. In the ADJ/recurrent population, radiotherapy had no effect on OS or RFS. The only factor associated with poorer OS was age. In an age- and sex-adjusted analysis in the ADV/MET population, significant associations were seen for radiotherapy with longer progression-free survival, with no effect on OS. "Radiotherapy could be considered as an alternative treatment option for patients with locally advanced, incompletely resected or oligometastatic skin adnexal carcinomas," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jdv.20155">Abstract/Full Text</a>

Radiotherapy only associated with longer progression-free survival in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic tumors

Study Identifies Prognostic Factors for Localized Adnexal Carcinomas

WEDNESDAY, June 26, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Excision of melanoma in situ (MIS) with a 5-mm margin on low-risk body sites has a low rate of recurrence, according to a study published online June 26 in JAMA Dermatology.Cong Sun, M.D., from the Mater Hospital Brisbane Raymond Terrace in Australia, and colleagues examined the rate of recurrence of MIS excised with a 5-mm margin in a case series that examined all MIS lesions from a single private dermatology clinic between Jan. 1, 2011, and Nov. 30, 2018. Data were included from 351 MISs from 292 patients: 50.4, 30.5, and 19.1 percent of the lesions were superficial spreading melanoma, lentigo maligna, and lentiginous MIS, respectively.The lesions were most commonly located on the trunk, followed by upper limb and lower limb (47.9, 27.4, and 16.8 percent, respectively); only two lesions (0.6 percent) were located on the scalp. The researchers found that most of the lesions were small; 78.1 and 88.9 percent had a length &lt;10 mm and a width &lt;10 mm, respectively. Following the current guidelines, after excision with a 5-mm clinical margin, 99.1 percent of the lesions did not have clinical recurrence. Only three lesions (0.9 percent) had local recurrence, with no metastatic spread observed. "This shows that using a 5-mm margin for MIS of smaller size (&lt;10 mm) may reduce morbidity and cost associated with treatment without compromising patient outcomes in a selected population of lesions," the authors write.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2820187">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2820186">Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)</a>

99.1 percent of the 351 MISs identified from 292 patients did not have clinical recurrence after excision

Low Recurrence Seen for Excision of Melanoma in Situ With 5-mm Margin

WEDNESDAY, June 19, 2024 -- For cemiplimab-treated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), prior radiotherapy is associated with improved progression-free survival, according to a study published online June 15 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Valerio Nardone, M.D., from the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" in Naples, Italy, and colleagues conducted a retrospective study aimed at assessing the real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with cSCC treated with cemiplimab at a single institution. Data were included for 45 patients (median age, 77 years); 73.3 percent were men.The researchers found that median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached after 18 months of follow-up, with a mean of 21.3 ± 2.2 and 25.3 ± 2.1 months, respectively. Significant correlations were only seen between progression-free survival and previous radiotherapy in univariate and multivariate analyses."This study reveals a notable correlation between prior radiotherapy and enhanced progression-free survival in individuals with advanced cSCC treated with cemiplimab," the authors write. "By validating the established synergies between radiotherapy and immunotherapy from both preclinical and clinical perspectives, our findings underscore the potential benefits of combining radiotherapy with cemiplimab."

In univariate and multivariate analyses, significant correlations only seen between progression-free survival, previous radiotherapy

Prior Radiotherapy Linked to Improved PFS for Cemiplimab-Treated cSCC

WEDNESDAY, June 12, 2024 -- Melanomas arising in giant pigmented nevi (MGPNs) occur at a younger age than other melanomas and have high disease-specific (DSS) and overall survival (OS) rates, according to a study published online June 4 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Nelson Ugwu, M.D., from the Harvard Combined Dermatology Residency Training Program in Boston, and colleagues utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to analyze data on MGPNs diagnosed between 2000 and 2020.The researchers identified 1,666 MGPNs during the study period, 57 percent of which were diagnosed in men. The trunk, upper limbs and shoulders, and head and neck were the most common anatomical sites involved (47.8, 22.6, and 14.7 percent, respectively). MGPN diagnoses occurred at a younger age than other melanomas, with 27 percent of MGPNs diagnosed in patients younger than 40 years compared with 12 percent of all melanomas diagnosed in patients aged 44 years and younger. The median age at diagnosis was 52 years for MGPNs versus 66 years for all melanomas. Seventy-one percent of tumors were localized at the time of diagnosis, with regional and distant disease seen in 7 and 1.4 percent, respectively. The five-year DSS was 94 percent (92 and 97 percent in male and female patients, respectively), similar to that seen for all melanomas. The five-year OS rate was 90 percent (87 and 94 percent for male and female patients, respectively). MGPNs were more aggressive for patients diagnosed in childhood, with increased odds of regional disease and metastatic disease (odds ratios, 4.3 and 14.1, respectively)."Further studies are needed to identify risk factors that may influence transformation of giant melanocytic nevi into malignant melanomas, or portend a more aggressive course," the authors write.One author disclosed ties to Apogee and Skin Analytics.

MGPN diagnoses occur at younger age than other melanomas; disease-specific, overall survival rates comparable to other melanomas

Study Identifies Characteristics of Melanomas in Giant Pigmented Nevi

WEDNESDAY, June 5, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab followed by surgery results in longer event-free survival than surgery followed by adjuvant nivolumab among patients with resectable, macroscopic stage III melanoma, according to a study published online June 2 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, held from May 31 to June 4 in Chicago.Christian U. Blank, M.D., Ph.D., from the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam, and colleagues randomly assigned 423 patients with resectable, macroscopic stage III melanoma to receive two cycles of neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab and then undergo surgery or to undergo surgery and then receive 12 cycles of adjuvant nivolumab in a 1:1 ratio.The researchers found that the estimated 12-month event-free survival was 83.7 and 57.2 percent in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups, respectively, at a median follow-up of 9.9 months. There was an eight-month difference in restricted mean survival (hazard ratio for progression, recurrence, or death, 0.32). In the neoadjuvant group, 59.0, 8.0, 26.4, and 2.4 percent of patients had a major pathological response, partial response, nonresponse, and progression, respectively; surgery had not yet been performed or was omitted in 4.2 percent. The estimated 12-month recurrence-free survival was 95.1, 76.1, and 57.0 percent among patients in the neoadjuvant group with a major pathological response, partial response, and nonresponse, respectively."Two cycles of neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab was safe and resulted in longer event-free survival than adjuvant nivolumab among patients with resectable, macroscopic stage III melanoma," the authors write.The study was funded in part by Bristol Myers Squibb, the manufacturer of ipilimumab and nivolumab.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2402604">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://conferences.asco.org/am/attend">More Information</a>

Neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery results in longer event-free survival for resectable, macroscopic stage III melanoma

ASCO: Neoadjuvant Ipilimumab + Nivolumab Ups Survival in Resectable Melanoma

WEDNESDAY, June 5, 2024 -- Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a high risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) metastases, according to a study published in the June issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Estella de Jong, M.D., from the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands, and colleagues conducted a prospective cohort study in 19 specialist dermatology outpatient clinics in 15 countries to examine the incidence and associated risk factors of metastatic cSCC among SOTRs.The researchers found that 514 SOTRs presented with 623 primary cSCCs; metastases developed in 37 patients, for a two-year patient-based cumulative incidence of 6.2 percent. Location in the head and neck area, local recurrence, size &gt;2 cm, clinical ulceration, poor differentiation grade, perineural invasion, and deep invasion were risk factors for metastases. The highest risk for metastases was seen for a high-stage tumor that is also ulcerative, with a two-year cumulative incidence of 46.2 percent."Because of the study design and complex nature of the different immunosuppressive regimens, it was not possible to draw firm conclusions on their risk of cSCC metastases, and future studies are necessary to investigate the association in more depth," the authors write.

Risk factors for metastases include location in head and neck area, local recurrence, size &gt;2 cm, clinical ulceration

Risk for cSCC Metastases Increased for Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

TUESDAY, May 28, 2024 -- Germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants occur in 15.3 percent of individuals with melanoma, according to a study published online March 19 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Pauline Funchain, M.D., from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and colleagues examined the incidence of hereditary melanoma and characterized the spectrum of cancer predisposition genes that may increase melanoma risk. Germline testing of more than 80 cancer predisposition genes was performed in 400 individuals with melanoma and a personal or family history of cancers.The researchers found that 61 individuals (15.3 percent) with melanoma had germline P/LP variants. Most of these variants (67 percent) involved genes that were considered unrelated to melanoma, including BLM, BRIP1, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and RAD51C, while 33 percent were in genes previously associated with familial melanoma (BAP1, BRCA2, CDKN2A, MITF, and TP53). Overall, 46.9 percent of the P/LP variants were in homologous repair deficiency genes. In validation cohorts, P/LP rates were 10.6, 15.8, and 14.5 percent from an unselected oncologic cohort, a selected commercial testing cohort, and a highly selected dermatologic study, respectively."The prevalence of hereditary predisposition to cancer in individuals with melanoma is substantially higher than historical estimates and involves genes of clinical importance for the treatment and surveillance of both melanoma and noncutaneous cancers," the authors write.Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

67 percent are in genes considered unrelated to melanoma

15.3 Percent With Melanoma Have Germline Likely/Pathogenic Variants

WEDNESDAY, May 22, 2024 -- Women who harbor a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have a slightly elevated risk for melanoma, but no increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer, according to a study published online May 13 in Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice.Steven A. Narod, M.D., from the Women's College Research Institute in Toronto, and colleagues report on findings of a prospective cohort study of 6,207 women from North America who harbored BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (3,623 and 2,584, respectively). Women were followed from baseline to skin cancer diagnosis, age 80 years, death from any cause, or last follow-up.The researchers found that 3.7 percent of women with a BRCA1 mutation and 3.8 percent of those with a BRCA2 mutation reported skin cancer diagnosis (both keratinocyte carcinomas and melanoma). From age 20 to 80 years, the cumulative risk for all types of skin cancer was 14.1 and 10.7 percent for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, respectively. The cumulative risk for melanoma was 2.5 and 2.3 percent for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, respectively, compared with 1.5 percent for women in the general U.S. population. A prior diagnosis of skin cancer was the strongest risk factor for skin cancer."We suggest a referral for skin exam to a primary care provider for BRCA mutation carriers with a prior history of skin cancer for annual skin examination and counselling around protection from UV exposure, use of sunscreen, and self-screening to recognize the early signs of melanoma," the authors write.

No increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer observed, but risk for melanoma slightly elevated

Little or No Increased Risk for Skin Cancer Seen for Women With BRCA Mutations

WEDNESDAY, May 15, 2024 -- Patients with head and neck (hn) Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) have poorer survival outcomes than patients with MCC affecting other body regions (oMCC), according to a research letter published online May 13 in SKIN.Marcus L. Elias, M.D., from the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell in New Hyde Park, New York, and colleagues evaluated overall survival (OS) in a retrospective cohort study of patients with cutaneous stage I to IV MCC between 2004 and 2017.A total of 4,808 hnMCC and 5,790 oMCC cases were analyzed. In a univariate analysis, the researchers found significant differences in OS for oMCC and hnMCC (one-year OS: 86.9 versus 82.7 percent; five-year OS: 47.3 versus 38.7 percent). A significantly increased risk for death was seen for hnMCC versus oMCC on Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio, 1.09). Scalp and neck MCC showed lower OS versus MCC in other head regions MCC (one-year OS: 76.6 versus 84.4 percent; five-year OS: 29.6 versus 41.3 percent). An independent association was seen for scalp and neck MCC primary site versus MCC in other head regions with an increased risk for death (hazard ratio, 1.297)."As one of the largest studies of MCC patients, our results provide evidence that tumor location is a vital factor for prognostic indication when evaluating patients," the authors write. "Our results may be utilized by patients and physicians to assess risk and prognosis, which also influences treatment modality decision-making."

Risk for death significantly increased for head and neck MCC compared with other body regions

Poorer Survival Outcomes Seen for Head and Neck Merkel Cell Carcinoma

WEDNESDAY, May 15, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) melanoma patients have distinct tumor characteristics, presenting with more advanced disease and exhibiting worse outcomes, according to a study published in the May issue of the Journal of Surgical Oncology.Jessica A. Steadman, M.B.B.S., from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues examined features of melanoma within NHB patients to inform strategies for earlier detection and treatment. Nonmetastatic melanoma patients with known TN category and race were identified from 2004 to 2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.Of the 492,597 patients, 0.3 percent were NHB. Compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, NHB patients were younger (21 versus 17 percent aged younger than 50 years) and were more often female (54 versus 41 percent). The researchers found that lower extremity was the most common site for NHBs (52 versus 15 percent for NHWs); in addition, T category was higher (Tis to T1 and T3 to T4: 55 and 27 percent versus 82 and 8 percent, respectively) and stage at presentation was higher (stage III, 19 versus 6 percent). Among NHB patients, men were older than women and they were more often node-positive. After adjustment for age and clinical node status, five-year stage III cancer-specific survival was 42 percent for NHB men versus 71 percent for women."Our contemporary overview of nonmetastatic cutaneous melanoma highlights that NHB patients present with more advanced disease and exhibit inferior outcomes," the authors write. "This is most notable among older male NHB patients."<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jso.27608">Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)</a>

T category and stage at presentation higher for non-Hispanic Black patients

Non-Hispanic Black Melanoma Patients Present With Advanced Disease

WEDNESDAY, May 8, 2024 -- A reconstruction algorithm with a 50 percent cutoff value is suggested for lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), according to a study published online March 5 in the Journal of Dermatology.Jung Won Park, M.D., Ph.D., from the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues retrospectively analyzed 34 patients with lip SCC who underwent reconstruction after Mohs micrographic surgery between January 2006 and March 2022. Seven and 27 tumors were on the upper lip and lower lip, respectively.Twenty-five, eight, and one defects were located on the mucosal lip, the mucosal and cutaneous lips, and the cutaneous lip only, respectively. The researchers found that 18 and 16 defects were smaller and larger than 50 percent of the total lip size, respectively. Primary closure was mainly performed for defects smaller than 50 percent of the lip size, while local flap was performed for larger defects according to the location and defect size. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients; except for one patient, all improved within one year after surgery. The investigators recommend a reconstruction algorithm with a 50 percent cutoff value."Defects smaller than 50 percent of the lip size could be reconstructed by primary closure," the authors write. "Even larger defects could be reconstructed by creation of a local flap from the remaining adjacent tissue with minimal postoperative complications."

Reconstruction algorithm with a 50 percent cutoff value is suggested based on cohort of 34 patients

Study Addresses Clinical Features, Surgical Management of Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma

WEDNESDAY, May 1, 2024 -- Melanoma incidence in Denmark increased during 1999 to 2011, with no change in mortality, according to a study published online April 24 in the British Journal of Dermatology.Jesper Bo Nielsen, Ph.D., from the University of Southern Denmark in Odense, and colleagues examined factors that may influence melanoma incidence and mortality in Denmark in a register study based on comprehensive national pathology and mortality databases for 1999 to 2019. Melanocyte-related diagnoses and mortality were investigated in a population of 5.5 million.Overall, 1,434,798 biopsies were taken from 704,682 individuals. The researchers found that the incidence of invasive melanoma increased by 87 percent during 1999 to 2011 among men and women. The incidence increased 9 percent in men but remained unchanged in women during the subsequent period. The incidence of melanoma in situ increased by 476 and 357 percent in men and women, respectively, during the study period; for atypical melanocytic lesions, increases were 1,928 and 1,686 percent, respectively. From 1999 to 2011, biopsy rates increased 153 percent for men and 118 percent for women, then decreased 20 and 22 percent, respectively, during the subsequent period. Year-to-year variation was seen in mortality, with no significant time trend for men or women. During the last 30 years, no evidence of increased ultraviolet exposure was seen."The findings of the present study indicate that changes in melanoma incidence may be explained by the interaction among sun exposure, the propensity to remove suspected melanoma lesions, lowered diagnostic thresholds, and overdiagnosis," the authors write.

Subsequent increase seen for men, no change for women; no temporal trends in mortality noted during 1999 to 2019

Increase Seen in Melanoma Incidence With No Increase in Mortality

WEDNESDAY, April 24, 2024 -- Patients receiving facial skin cancer surgery have low scores for perceived stigmatization and body image concerns, and surgery does not influence quality of life, according to a study published online April 22 in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.Nick Marsidi, M.D., from the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands, and colleagues measured the psychological impact of facial skin cancer surgery during a one-year period in an observational study involving patients who had Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS; 154 patients) or conventional excision (CE; 74 patients). Five surveys were conducted to measure quality of life, perceived stigmatization, body image, satisfaction with facial appearance, and psychosocial distress preoperatively and at one week, three months, and one year postoperatively.The researchers found that the scores for quality of life did not change significantly in the year after surgery, but over time, changes were seen in stigmatization, body image concerns, satisfaction with facial appearance, and psychological distress (d = −0.07, −0.014, 0.43, and −0.15, respectively). Scores after one year were not significantly affected by use of MMS or CE."Patients receiving facial skin cancer surgery exhibited low scores for perceived stigmatization and body image concerns. Their quality of life was not statistically influenced by facial surgery, and their satisfaction with facial appearance and psychosocial distress even improved after one year," the authors write. "The overall results can assist in counselling strategies to improve expectations for patients receiving facial surgery."

Low scores seen for perceived stigmatization and body image concerns; satisfaction with facial appearance, psychological distress improved

Facial Skin Cancer Surgery Does Not Influence Quality of Life

WEDNESDAY, April 17, 2024 -- For detection of malignant melanoma (MM), performance is more consistent when clinicians' work is supported by artificial intelligence (AI), according to a review published online April 8 in Cancers.Ian Miller, from Southern Cross University in Bilinga, Australia, and colleagues conducted a systematic review to report the performance metrics of commercially available convolutional neural networks tasked with detecting MM. Data were included from 16 articles reporting MM, with 1,160 melanomas detected and 33,010 nonmelanoma lesions.The researchers found that for classification of melanoma, performance of market-approved technology and clinician performance were highly heterogeneous, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy ranging from 16.4 to 100.0 percent, 40.0 to 98.3 percent, and 44.0 to 92.0 percent, respectively. When clinicians worked together with AI, less heterogeneity was seen, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy varying from 83.3 to 100.0 percent, 83.7 to 87.3 percent, and 86.4 to 86.9 percent, respectively."The implementation of AI in clinical practice to assist in the early detection of melanoma remains promising, particularly with the prospect of improved diagnostic accuracy," the authors write. "However, the heterogeneity of studies reporting on AI performance for classifying melanoma in clinical practice indicates it currently cannot be recommended as a reliable tool for clinicians."

Less heterogeneity in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy seen when clinicians worked in unison with artificial intelligence

Best Results for Classifying Malignant Melanoma Seen When Clinicians Work With AI

WEDNESDAY, April 3, 2024 -- A prediction model and nomogram can predict the risk for five-year recurrence-free and melanoma-specific survival, according to a study published in the April issue of The Lancet Oncology.Robert C. Stassen, M.D., from the Erasmus Medical Centre Cancer Institute in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and colleagues developed a tool to predict patient-specific outcomes in people with melanoma rather than classification according to disease stage. Patients with confirmed primary melanoma were included in the development cohort (4,071 patients), and external validation was performed (4,822 patients). In patients with stage pT1b or higher melanomas, a prognostic model and nomogram were developed to predict five-year recurrence-free survival.The researchers found that five-year recurrence-free survival was 73.5 percent and five-year melanoma-specific survival was 86.5 percent in the development cohort. The corresponding estimates were 66.1 and 83.3 percent in the validation cohort. Six prognostic factors were included in the final model: sentinel node status, Breslow thickness, presence of ulceration, age at sentinel lymph node biopsy, primary tumor location, and maximum diameter of the largest sentinel node metastasis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.80 and 0.81 for prediction of recurrence-free and melanoma-specific survival, respectively, in the development cohort. External validations showed good calibration, with AUCs of 0.73 and 0.76, respectively."The model that we developed not only offers patient-specific risk predictions for recurrence-free and melanoma-specific survival but will also enable physicians to calculate the risk of recurrence at which it is judged necessary to start adjuvant therapy," the authors write.Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical industry.

Final model composed of six prognostic factors showed good prediction in development cohort and external validation

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